Prise en compte des discontinuités dans un algorithme de super-résolution

Dans la plupart des problèmes de reconstruction utilisant une régularisation classique, les discontinuités sont lourdement pénalisées. C'est notamment le cas pour les modèles de reconstruction d'une image haute résolution à partir d'une séquence d'images basse résolution présentant un décalage sous-pixélique. Notre but est ici de tenir compte des discontinuités dans les images afin de remédier à l'aspect contradictoire de la super-résolution qui vise à retrouver des hautes fréquences tout en régularisant. Nous nous sommes placés dans un cadre probabiliste et les images ont été modélisées par un champ de Markov. Lors de notre étude, nous avons comparé différents 0-modèles a priori eu égard à leur influence sur la préservation des discontinuités

Extraction des zones urbaines fondée sur une analyse de la texture par modélisation markovienne

Pour délimiter un masque urbain précis à partir d'une image satellitaire la seule information du niveau de gris est insuffisante. Laplupart des méthodes font donc appel à une analyse de la texture de l'image. Nous nous sommes placés dans ce cadre. Dans une première étape, nous avons défini un nouveau paramètre de texture à partir d'un modèle markovien gaussien. Nous obtenons ce nouveau paramètre en calculant la variance conditionnelle de l'image dans huit directions. Ainsi, nous éliminons la mauvaise classification d'objets ayant une orientation privilégiée tels que les vignes et les serres par exemple. Dans une seconde étape, nous proposons un algorithme de \emph{fuzzy Cmeans} modifié incluant un terme d'entropie et pour lequel le nombre de classes n'est pas fixé a priori. Cet algorithme nous permet d'obtenir une première classification de l'image. Enfin, nous régularisons l'image ainsi obtenue grâce à une modélisation par champs de Markov. Des résultats obtenus sur des simulations d'images SPOT5 fournies par le CNES sont présentés

Distinctive phenotypic abnormalities associated with submicroscopic 21q22 deletion including DYRK1A

Partial monosomy 21 has been reported, but the phenotypes described are variable with location and size of the deletion. We present 2 patients with a partially overlapping microdeletion of 21q22 and a striking phenotypic resemblance. They both presented with severe psychomotor delay, behavioral problems, no speech, microcephaly, feeding problems with frequent regurgi

The effect of systematic pediatric care on neonatal mortality and hospitalizations of infants born with oral clefts

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) increase mortality and morbidity risks for affected infants especially in less developed countries. This study aimed at assessing the effects of systematic pediatric care on neonatal mortality and hospitalizations of infants with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) in South America.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The intervention group included live-born infants with isolated or associated CL/P in 47 hospitals between 2003 and 2005. The control group included live-born infants with CL/P between 2001 and 2002 in the same hospitals. The intervention group received systematic pediatric care between the 7^thand 28^thday of life. The primary outcomes were mortality between the 7^thand 28^thday of life and hospitalization days in this period among survivors adjusted for relevant baseline covariates.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There were no significant mortality differences between the intervention and control groups. However, surviving infants with associated CL/P in the intervention group had fewer hospitalization days by about six days compared to the associated control group.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Early systematic pediatric care may significantly reduce neonatal hospitalizations of infants with CL/P and additional birth defects in South America. Given the large healthcare and financial burden of CL/P on affected families and the relatively low cost of systematic pediatric care, improving access to such care may be a cost-effective public policy intervention.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>ClinicalTrials.gov: <a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00097149">NCT00097149</a></p

Description of the methodology used in an ongoing pediatric care interventional study of children born with cleft lip and palate in South America [NCT00097149]

BACKGROUND: The contribution of birth defects, including cleft lip and palate, to neonatal and infant mortality and morbidity is substantial. As other mortality and morbidity causes including infections, hygiene, prematurity, and nutrition are eradicated in less developed countries, the burden of birth defects will increase proportionally. METHODS/DESIGN: We are using cleft lip and palate as a sentinel birth defect to evaluate its burden on neonatal and infant health and to assess the effectiveness of systematic pediatric care during the first month and first two years of life in decreasing this burden. The neonatal intervention, consisting of weekly pediatric evaluation and referral to appropriate care, is delivered to about 696 infants born with cleft lip and/or palate in 47 hospitals in South America. Neonatal mortality in this group will be compared to that in a retrospective control group of about 464 infants born with cleft lip and/or palate in the same hospitals. The subgroup of infants with isolated clefts of both the lip and palate (about 264) is also randomized into two groups, intervened and non-intervened, and further followed up over 2 years. Intervened cases are evaluated by pediatricians every three months and referred for appropriate care. The intervened and non-intervened cases will be compared over study outcomes to evaluate the intervention effectiveness. Non-intervened cases are matched and compared to healthy controls to assess the burden of cleft lip and palate. Outcomes include child's neurological and physical development and family social and economic conditions. DISCUSSION: Large-scale clinical trials to improve infant health in developing countries are commonly suggested, making it important to share the methods used in ongoing studies with other investigators implementing similar research. We describe here the content of our ongoing pediatric care study in South America. We hope that this may help researchers targeting this area to plan their studies more effectively and encourage the development of similar research efforts to target other birth defects or infant outcomes such as prematurity and low birth weight